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AlzRisk Paper Detail
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Reference: Laurin 2002
Cohort: Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
Risk Factor: Nutritional Antioxidants


Exposure Detail
Intake of vitamin C and E supplements was recorded twice: once using a mailed questionnaire in 1988 and a second time during a study visit occurring between 1991 and 1993. "Long-term" users were defined as participants reporting both vitamin C and E supplement use at both time periods. "Short-term" users were defined as those taking both supplements at either time period. The reference group consisted of participants taking no supplements at either time period.

Important note: This table includes results for only 2 categories of vitamin C and E use, to the exclusion of participants in other categories (e.g., only vitamin E, only vitamin C). Therefore, the percents shown do not add up to 100%.

Screening and Diagnosis Detail
AD Diagnosis:
DSM IIIR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III-Revised
NINCDS ADRDA National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria (McKhann 1984)

"Dementia was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition; AD, according to the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) and the Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association (ADRDA); and VaD, according to the criteria of the California Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Center (ADDTC)(6)."

Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Cox proportional hazards regression

Time scale for proportional hazards model was age in the study.

AD Covariates:
Aage
Eeducation
ALCalcohol intake
APOE4APOE e4 genotype
BMIbody mass index
CVDcardiovascular disease
SMsmoking status

TD Covariates:
Aage
Eeducation
ALCalcohol intake
APOE4APOE e4 genotype
BMIbody mass index
CVDcardiovascular disease
SMsmoking status

Masaki 2000 presents duplicative findings in the same cohort , but with a shorter follow-up period and vitamin C and E intake measured at baseline only.