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AlzRisk Paper Detail
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Reference: Basambombo, 2016
Cohort: Canadian Study of Health and Aging
Risk Factor: Nutritional Antioxidants


Average Follow-up Time Detail
We estimated the total person-years of follow-up by multiplying the reported average follow-up time by the number of persons.

Exposure Detail
Use of supplements of vitamins C and E was measured at baseline either using a structured interview during clinical examination or from a self-administered questionnaire. For the structured interview, participants were asked by a nurse to list current medications and supplements. For the questionnaire, participants were asked to list all medications and supplements. Information on dose was not requested.

Important note: This table includes results for only 2 categories of vitamin use, to the exclusion of participants in other categories (e.g., vitamin E and/or C, multivitamins only). Therefore, the percents shown do not add up to 100%.

Ethnicity Detail
Participants were residents from five geographic regions in Canada (British Columbia, the Prairie Provinces, Ontario, Quebec and the Atlantic Provinces).

Screening and Diagnosis Detail
Screening Method:
3MSEModified Mini-Mental State Examination (Teng 1987)

AD Diagnosis:
DSM IIIR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III-Revised
NINCDS ADRDA National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria (McKhann 1984)

Total Dementia Definition: Dementia via DSM III-R.

Participants first underwent screening using the 3MS. Those who scored less than 78 and those unable to be screened underwent a clinical examination including medical history, informant interview, physical examination, neuropsychological testing, and laboratory tests.

Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Cox proportional hazards regression

In Cox proportional hazards models, age was used as the time scale.

AD Covariates:
Aage
Eeducation
Ggender
ALCalcohol intake
AIManti-inflammatory medication
DMdiabetes mellitus
SMHXhistory of smoking
PAphysical activity
VDvascular disease

TD Covariates:
Aage
Eeducation
Ggender
ALCalcohol intake
AIManti-inflammatory medication
DMdiabetes mellitus
SMHXhistory of smoking
PAphysical activity
VDvascular disease